It has to maintain and safeguard itself against external enemies and internal dissent and subversion. Cultures thus created keep on developing as long as communities possess its inner strength and creative power. Ebn e Khaldun (-17 March 1406) described this rather well by saying that such communities pass from a crude and barbaric beginning which is marked by unruly courage and fierce clan solidarity to a dynamic and well-ordered society set to wield power, explore natural and human resources, acquire wealth, enjoy leisure, and develop arts and crafts, giving birth in the process to a distinct culture. Rise and Fall of Cultures As we know, the most important factor that initially affects the course of a people's history is the geographical setting, the terrain, the climate and especially the rivers. Keywords: ‘Abd al-Qāder Bidel, Persian literature, historiography, sabk-e Hendi, bâzgasht-e adabi, nineteenth century, Central Asia, Afghanistan In exploring the ways in which different peoples and places in the Persianate world have interpreted Bidel a larger complex historiography emerges, one that elucidates some transregional similarities among West, Central and South Asia and gives hope to writing a more integrative literary history of the Persianate world. In highlighting different interpretations of Bidel as an obscurantist poet, agent of change, progressive voice, unabashed innovator, and canonic master, it demonstrates how these impressions of the poet make for a more complicated historiography than that which permeates his typical understanding in Persian literary history. 1721) has been interpreted and deployed in a variety of contexts across the Persianate sphere of West, Central, and South Asia, particularly in the nineteenth century. This article focuses on the different ways in which the personality and poetry of the Indian-born poet ‘Abd al-Qāder Bidel (d.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |